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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

基层立法联系点：搭建共商共建共享大舞台******

　　光明日报记者 刘华东

　　来自广东的毛红波、内蒙古的王春红、浙江的王世杰等社会公众通过中国人大网公开征求意见系统，建议加强对利用野生动物进行公众展示展演活动的规范管理；基层立法联系点广东省江门市江海区人大常委会和一些社会公众建议增加野生动物保护管理信息公开、鼓励社会参与的内容；基层立法联系点上海市长宁区虹桥街道办事处和一些社会公众建议进一步规范野生动物放生活动……

　　不久前，全国人大常委会法工委发言人对外通报社会公众对法律草案意见时，首次对吸收采纳意见的具体情况作了反馈。扩大人民有序参与立法，是践行全过程人民民主的鲜活实践。全国人大常委会法工委发言人、研究室主任臧铁伟表示，这样做“更好体现了对公众意见的重视”。

　　据了解，社会公众参与立法，可直接登录中国人大网或国家法律法规数据库提出意见，也可以将意见邮寄至全国人大常委会法制工作委员会，还可以通过全国人大常委会法工委在31个省区市设立的基层立法联系点反映意见。根据立法法第三十七条规定，法律案向社会公布征求意见的情况应向社会通报。臧铁伟表示，发言人对具体个人所提供意见建议直接反馈，意在向参与立法的公民表达感谢，同时鼓励社会公众多多建言献策。

　　目前，全国人大常委会法工委基层立法联系点总数达32个。全国人大常委会法工委办公室主任孙镇平表示，32个基层立法联系点覆盖区域人口达到5770多万人，越来越多的老百姓在家门口就能对关切的法律问题发表意见、表达诉求，推动了人民有序参与国家立法过程，丰富了全过程人民民主的生动实践，更好地保障了人民当家作主。

　　“基层立法联系点最重要的作用就是国家立法‘直通车’，目前已就152部法律草案等征求基层立法联系点意见，普通老百姓通过这个平台，‘原汁原味’地提出了15000多条意见建议。国家立法机关在研究立法过程中能够随时听到来自基层群众各个方面的社情民意，并将其统一于国家立法制度设计之中。”孙镇平介绍，7年来，不断增加的全国人大常委会法工委基层立法联系点，辐射带动全国各地设立了509个省级基层立法联系点和5000多个设区的市级基层立法联系点，形成了三级联动的工作机制，搭建起了基层群众共商共建共享的大舞台。

　　“通过这一机制和平台，老百姓既可以反映法律问题，也可以反映本地社会治理问题，大家共同协商来解决，有效提高了社会治理效能，推动了法治中国、平安中国建设，促进社会治理成效更多、更公平地惠及全体人民。”孙镇平介绍。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月12日 03版）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）